Among all power factor correction (PFC) topologies, totem-pole bridgeless PFC provides the best efficiency; therefore, it is widely used in servers and data centers. However, closing the current ...

Switching power supplies rely on feedback control loops to ensure that the required voltage and current are maintained under varying load conditions. Design of the feedback control loop influences ...

This application note’s primary goal is to provide an easy-to-understand primer for users who are not familiar with 4-20mA current-loops and their applications. Some of the many topics discussed ...

Popularity and perceived advantages of current-mode control (CMC) have made it de rigueur as a loop control architecture with many power management IC manufacturers and power supply vendors. Also ...

Use of 4-to-20-mA current loops involves more than just a simple series connection between sensor, display, and power supply. The point where a sensor takes a measurement is, at times, many yards away ...

A serial transmission method that uses a closed loop. It originated with teletype machines that transmitted 20 mA (milliamperes) of current for a 1 bit and the absence of current for a 0 bit. A 60 mA ...

The I/O capabilities built into most microcontrollers make it easy to measure the analog world. Say you want to build a data logger for temperature. All you need to do is get some kind of sensor that ...

Here’s a question for you: when your PCB has a ground plane layer, where do return signals flow? It seems like a trick question, but as [Kristof Mulier] explains, there’s more to return path routing ...