For the first time in the independent testing laboratory’s 12-year history, no single module has achieved the coveted “top performer” rating in all reliability tests, and a record 87% of manufacturers ...

Independent testing lab Kiwa PVEL just published the 12th edition of its annual PV Module Reliability Scorecard. The digital ...

System-in-package (SiP) and other advanced packaging technologies are putting more components together in tighter spaces than previously seen. Often these packages are contained in a module, which is ...

The use of POE as an encapsulant in TOPCon module construction could limit the effects of degradation on the module’s electricity generation. Up to one-fifth of solar PV modules degrade 1.5 times ...

Solar modules are very special products. Compared to other high-tech products, their design is not excessively complicated, and it is not for nothing that they are commodity products, which are ...

This year’s Scorecard results had 43 manufacturers named as “Top Performers” in at least one test. Image: Kiwa PVEL. For the fourth year in a row, Kiwa PVEL’s 2026 Module Reliability Scorecard ...

Far-field and radiating near-field are two options for high-volume over-the-air (OTA) testing of antenna-in-package (AiP) modules with automated test equipment (ATE) [1]. In this article, we define an ...

Even a small array consisting of 100 elements has thousands of individual components that require perhaps 25,000 measurements per module for an eye-watering grand ...