Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Previous chapters have brought us to the point where, given a system design, we can look at it every which way, analyze and specify its performance, and communicate its structure and behavior. This ...

A temperature controller is an instrument that controls temperatures, often without extensive operator involvement. In a temperature controller system, the controller accepts a temperature sensor as ...