Finite difference methods have become a cornerstone in the simulation of seismic wave propagation, providing a robust numerical framework to approximate the differential equations that govern seismic ...

Based on multiplicative calculus, the finite difference schemes for the numerical solution of multiplicative differential equations and Volterra differential equations are presented. Sample problems ...

Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) methods have long served as a workhorse for simulating electromagnetic wave propagation. In dispersive media, where material responses vary with frequency, the ...